The human body is home to millions of microorganisms that live in balance with us, which is known as the microbiota. Far from being a simple companion, the microbiota fulfills essential functions for general health.
In the field of fertility, there is increasing evidence that a balanced microbiota plays an important role in the ability to conceive, both naturally and through assisted reproduction treatments.
The role of the vaginal microbiota
The vaginal microbiota is one of the most delicate and dynamic ecosystems of the female body. In equilibrium conditions, it is mainly composed of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus, which help maintain an acidic pH and protect against potentially harmful microorganisms.
A vaginal microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus is associated with better reproductive outcomes, especially in fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Conversely, when an imbalance occurs – known as dysbiosis – it can affect embryo implantation or increase the risk of local inflammation.
A healthy vaginal environment supports the natural process of conception. Maintaining this balance depends on many factors: from hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle to the use of antibiotics, stress level or intimate hygiene.
Beyond the vagina: the role of the gut and endometrium
The microbiota is not limited to the vagina. The gut is home to the largest bacterial community in the body and influences the regulation of metabolism and sex hormones.
When the gut microbiota is altered, it can promote inflammation and insulin resistance, two processes that can interfere with ovulation, and therefore fertility.
On the other hand, the endometrial microbiota – the set of microorganisms that inhabit the endometrium – is a more recent field of study. Their imbalance could be related to implantation failure s or early gestational losses.
How to take care of the microbiota to promote fertility
There are daily habits that help to keep the microbiota in balance and, with it, to create a more favorable environment for fertility:
- Avoid douching and harsh products, as they alter the natural pH and eliminate beneficial bacteria.
- Use antibiotics only when necessary, always under medical indication.
- Take care of your diet, prioritizing fruits, vegetables, fiber and fermented foods that favor a diverse intestinal microbiota.
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle: sleeping well, exercising moderately, and reducing stress also promote microbial balance.
In some cases, the use of probiotics can be useful, but their choice should be made under the recommendation of a specialist, since not all strains or formats are suitable for every situation.
Taking care of the microbiota is taking care of the environment where life begins. While we can't control everything, adopting habits that support a healthy bacterial balance can be valuable support for fertility.
Dr. Cristina Guix
Gynecologist expert in fertility in Barcelona IVF
