Receiving a positive result for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) can raise many questions, especially if you are about to start an assisted reproduction treatment. It is normal to feel anxious or afraid, but in most cases this diagnosis does not prevent you from moving forward with fertility treatment.
What is HPV and why is it so common?
HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in both men and women. In fact, it is estimated that up to 80% of sexually active people will contract it at some point in their lives.
In many cases, the infection goes unnoticed because it does not produce symptoms and the body can eliminate the virus spontaneously.
There are more than 200 types of HPV, which are classified according to their risk:
- Low-risk HPV, mainly associated with the appearance of genital warts.
- High-risk HPV, which can cause changes in the cervix and, if not properly controlled, increase the risk of cervical cancer.
Does having HPV affect fertility?
In general, having HPV does not mean that pregnancy cannot take place, either naturally or through an assisted reproduction treatment.
In that case, the most important factor is not the presence of the virus itself, but the condition of the cervix and the results of gynaecological monitoring.
Is it possible to perform artificial insemination or in vitro fertilisation (IVF) in patients with HPV?
In most cases, it is possible to perform both artificial insemination and IVF in patients with HPV. As in many other aspects of assisted reproduction, the decision must be made on a case-by-case basis.
Some of the factors that are assessed before starting a treatment are:
- The type of HPV and the associated risk.
- The presence or absence of cervical lesions or abnormal cytology.
- Gynecological and reproductive history.
- Reproductive urgency, such as patients with low ovarian reserve or advanced maternal age.
Can HPV affect the success of treatment?
The available scientific evidence suggests that the impact of HPV on reproductive outcomes is inconclusive and may vary depending on the clinical context.
Therefore, in the case of a positive HPV test, the aim is to monitor the condition of the cervix and avoid unnecessary delays, especially when there is an important time factor.
Is it necessary to treat HPV before trying to conceive?
There is no specific treatment to eliminate HPV once acquired; the body eliminates it spontaneously.
Appearance of lesions on the cervix need to be treated or monitored, as well as appropriate follow-up according to medical recommendations.
Having HPV is common, but it does not usually affect the start of assisted reproduction treatment on its own. The key is to assess each situation individually and carry out appropriate gynaecological monitoring.
At Barcelona IVF , it is our goal to support our patients with clear information, medical safety and a plan tailored to each case, so that they can proceed with confidence.
Dr Cristina Guix
Gynaecologist specialist in fertility at Barcelona IVF
