Infertility is a health problem that affects millions of couples around the world. Recognizing the problem and seeking specialized support is the first step to finding solutions and recovering the hope of achieving pregnancy.
What is sterility?
In general, a couple is considered to have a sterility problem when they do not achieve a pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. If the woman is 35 years of age or older, it is recommended to shorten this period to 6 months.
Types of sterility
According to reproductive history, infertility is classified as:
- Primary infertility: when pregnancy has never been achieved.
- Secondary infertility: when at least one previous pregnancy has been achieved, but a new pregnancy is not achieved.
Factors influencing sterility
Sterility depends on multiple factors that can be intrinsic to the couple, such as inadequate ovarian function, low semen quality, altered endometrial receptivity or the presence of hormonal imbalances. But external factors also play a role, such as smoking or stress.
The most common female factors are:
- Ovulatory disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome or premature ovarian failure.
- Obstructions or tubal problems.
- Uterine alterations.
- Advanced maternal age.
The most frequent male factors include: alterations in semen quality, hormonal imbalances, genetic causes and infections.
When is it advisable to see a specialist in assisted reproduction?
Consultation with a fertility specialist is recommended if pregnancy has not been achieved after 12 months of trying, or 6 months in women over 35 years of age.
You should also go earlier if there is a personal or medical history that may be interfering with fertility, such as:
- Irregular or absent menstrual cycles.
- Previous pelvic surgeries.
- Endometriosis.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome.
- History of sexually transmitted infections.
- Problems in semen quality.
Infertility can be a road full of uncertainty and difficult emotions to face, but it is also a road with options, support and solutions.
If you have doubts about your ability to conceive or you have been trying to get pregnant for a long time without success, consulting assisted reproduction specialists can help you identify the causes and find the most appropriate treatment.
Dr. Cristina Guix
Gynecologist expert in fertility in Barcelona IVF
