How can we interpret the results and how do they affect treatment options?

The TUNEL technique allows to detect simultaneously both types of DNA break of sperm (single and double chain).

Fragmentation rates of less than 20 % in fresh semen and less than 15 % in trained semen are considered normal values. 

Several studies have been carried out that show the relationship between sperm DNA integrity and fertility. These studies show that infertile males have a higher fraction of sperm with broken DNA.